Resv
type: channel
description: ARGUMENTOS es una revista académica de ciencias sociales que publica investigación sobre el Perú y América Latina. La estructura de la revista es de acceso libre, arbitrada por pares bajo el sistema "doble ciego", temática amplia y publicación semestral. Los artículos de investigación original analizan temas desde las diferentes ramas de las ciencias sociales, particularmente aquellas asociadas a la vida institucional del IEP: antropología, arqueología, ciencia política, economía, educación, historia y sociología. A la sección principal se suma una de reseñas, la cual busca fomentar el intercambio sobre nuevas publicaciones. Esta sección es evaluada bajo el sistema de revisión editorial por pares. La revista no cobra ningún tipo de tarifas a autores o usuarios. La revista se publica semestralmente en julio y diciembre de cada año. Políticas de acceso abierto y copyright ARGUMENTOS es una revista de acceso abierto que hace suya la licencia abierta Creative Commons. Se permite a los usuarios leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o vincular a los textos completos de los artículos, rastrearlos para indexarlos, pasarlos como datos al software o usarlos para cualquier otro propósito legal. Los autores que publican en ARGUMENTOS retienen el copyright de sus artículos, sin restricciones. Asimismo, los autores conceden a Argumentos el derecho de primera publicación de los artículos enviados a la revista.
publisher: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos
language: en
publication name: Resv
issn: 1021-2760
items: Union Adaptation and Resistance: Divergent Paths of Organizational Resilience in Peru (CGTP) and Argentina (CGT) in the Face of Authoritarian Breakdowns and Neoliberal Impositions
items: Seeing without suffering, suffering without seeing: perception and tolerance of inequality in Peru
items: Book Review: Estallido popular. Protesta y masacre en el Perú, 2022–2023, edited by Gustavo Montoya and Homero Quiroz
items: The Electoral Breakfast as a Site of Family Politicization: Representations and Reactions in Peru’s 2021 Presidential Election
items: Book Review: Cuando éramos dioses. Historia de la última guerra asháninka en el Palcazu, by Natalí Durand
items: From Stockholm to ECLAC: The ISI as a Latin American Structural Response
items: «Terruqueo» as a Technology of Power in the Psychopolitical Production of Exclusion in Contemporary Peru
items: Book Review: The Liberal Montonera of Cura Chumán: Northern Peru, 1910 by Piedad Pareja Pflücker and Alfredo Muro Flores
items: «On the Front Line» Psychosocial Experiences of Volunteer Health Brigadiers During the Social Protests in Peru (December 2022–February 2023)
items: Intercultural communication strategies for cultural adaptation of services for Beca 18 scholarship recipients in Lima
items: At the Crossroads of Feminist Paths in Cusco
items: Institutional Analysis of Peru. In search of the causes of Peruvian political instability
items: Impeachment or Political Weapon?
items: The Role of the Peasant Patrols of San Marcos in Enforcing the Supreme Decree Declaring the Health Emergency During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2022)
items: Peru’s Public Service: The Common Good Against Institutional Constraints
items: «Hark'anakuyku: We all take care of each other» to face the pandemic.
items: Review: Incas, Spies, and Astronauts.
items: An intimate portrait of the internal armed conflict
items: Presentation: 20 years after the CVR report
items: Dogs and "Promos"
items: Democracy and the Streets: Protests and Counter-Hegemony in Peru
items: The power of the word: student and teacher oratory in post-independence Peru
items: Provisioning for the Royalist troops on the Way to the Battle of Ayacucho. Puno, September 1824
items: Huanta, Pamplona, ​​and Cobriza: three cases of repression during the military government of Velasco Alvarado (1968-1971)
items: Rebels and Counterrevolutionaries
items: Dreams for the Land
items: Lima: City of Queers
items: Women, food, and subsistence family farming in Amantaní, Puno
items: Presentation.
items: Searching for the Heart of the Hill: New Communal Mining in Colquemarca (Cusco, Peru)

Union Adaptation and Resistance: Divergent Paths of Organizational Resilience in Peru (CGTP) and Argentina (CGT) in the Face of Authoritarian Breakdowns and Neoliberal Impositions
type: item
description: This study empirically analyzes the significant divergence in levels of organizational resilience and membership density between Argentina’s General Confederation of Labor (CGT) and Peru’s General Confederation of Workers (CGTP). Despite facing similar critical junctures—military dictatorships in the 1970s and sudden neoliberal shocks in the 1990s—Peruvian trade unionism suffered a continuous organizational collapse, while the Argentine union maintained formidable representative power. Through comparative analysis and process tracing, the study argues that this gap stems from the different path dependencies forged in their foundational models of political engagement. The CGT built its resilience on a historical corporate integration with Peronism and on solid institutional resources, resisting neoliberalism through a pragmatic “corporate unionism.” In contrast, the CGTP operated under a “class-based unionism,” characterized by direct confrontation, partisan isolation, and extreme fragmentation into precarious company unions. It is concluded that institutional survival requires intertwining material defense with strategic integration into the political system, rather than relying solely on militancy.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: trade unionism
  topic: keywords
subject: labour movements
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: institutional resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: history
  topic: keywords
subject: CGTP
  topic: keywords
subject: CGT
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
subject: Argentina
  topic: keywords
creator: Bruno Mago
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bruno Mago https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-22
publication date: 2026-07-22
starting page: 87
ending page: 153
doi: 10.46476/ra.v7i1.259

Seeing without suffering, suffering without seeing: perception and tolerance of inequality in Peru
type: item
description: Why do those who suffer most from inequality also perceive it the least? This article examines this paradox using data from the two available editions of Peru’s National Survey on Perceptions of Inequality (ENADES 2022 and 2024), produced by the Instituto de Estudios Peruanos and OXFAM Peru. Using multiple correspondence analysis, ordered logistic regression, and intergenerational social origin analysis, the study compares the evolution of inequality perception, attributed causes, and tolerance between both periods. Results confirm the perceptual paradox persists: the highest socioeconomic group (NSE A/B) perceives higher levels of inequality (67.7%) than the lowest (NSE D/E, 43.3%), despite experiencing it to a lesser extent. Three findings emerge in 2024. First, the middle class becomes a significant predictor of higher inequality perception; second, «knowing the right people» displaces the purely meritocratic model as the second most cited cause of economic success; and third, right-wing ideology becomes a significant predictor of greater tolerance in a pre-electoral context. Social origin analysis shows that upwardly mobile individuals who accessed higher education from disadvantaged backgrounds perceive less inequality than their privileged-origin peers, which is consistent with the role that the literature attributes to meritocratic narratives in concealing structural barriers.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: perception of inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: tolerance for inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: ENADES
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: César Julinho García Ríos
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 César Julinho García Ríos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-22
publication date: 2026-07-22
starting page: 5
ending page: 38
doi: 10.46476/ra.v7i1.258

Book Review: Estallido popular. Protesta y masacre en el Perú, 2022–2023, edited by Gustavo Montoya and Homero Quiroz
type: item
description: This review examines the anthology Estallido popular. Protesta y masacre en Perú, 2022 - 2023 through events that illuminate its central ideas. In particular, it engages with the thesis of a social, cultural, and ideological framework—expressed in pervasive discourses—that enables the systematic harm of Andean and Amazonian populations. The authorities’ propensity to resort to lethal force, rather than foster dialogue and channel social demands, is interpreted as a structural logic, termed vital siege or disregard for life. The repression of rural community members demanding medical care during the pandemic illustrates the dual nature of this siege: non-lethal neglect by default and violent punishment against those who challenge the status quo. The review problematizes the so-called Peruvian miracle, suggesting that this dual siege perpetuates regional deficits in health, nutrition, and other areas despite the expansion of public revenue. Regarding the popular uprising, the review dismantles claims of manipulation and mental pathology directed at protesters, which strip the movement of historicity and deprive it of meaning. Finally, the review presents discourses from the 2026 electoral campaign that trivialize historical violence against Indigenous populations and legitimize their present-day exclusion.
subject: Reseñas
  topic: section
subject: state violence
  topic: keywords
subject: indigenous populations
  topic: keywords
subject: political violence
  topic: keywords
subject: Development
  topic: keywords
subject: discourse analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: social protests
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Fernando Pazos Ruiz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fernando Pazos Ruiz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-22
publication date: 2026-07-22
starting page: 191
ending page: 197
doi: 10.46476/ra.v7i1.256

The Electoral Breakfast as a Site of Family Politicization: Representations and Reactions in Peru’s 2021 Presidential Election
type: item
description: This article examines the representation of the Peruvian family during the 2021 presidential campaign, focusing on candidates Pedro Castillo and Keiko Fujimori. Drawing on the concept of the politicization of family—defined as the strategic use of family narratives in political debates—it explores how this process unfolded through the electoral breakfast, a Peruvian political tradition in which presidential candidates publicly interact with their family members and close associates in an effort to influence undecided voters on election day. Adopting an exploratory research design, the study employs a predominantly qualitative methodology based on the analysis of YouTube videos of the event published by news media outlets and 315 associated user comments. The findings suggest that, although both candidates projected egalitarian representations of the family, their discourse continued to reproduce the breadwinner traditional family model. At the same time, a substantial proportion of users interpreted these representations through three main lenses: ethnicity, with references ranging from national authenticity to foreignness; perceptions of situational mismatch, particularly when candidates and their families appeared out of place in popular social settings; and the extended family, which served as a resource for evaluating or contesting personal attributes linked to the candidates’ political trajectories.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: politicization of family
  topic: keywords
subject: electoral breakfast
  topic: keywords
subject: campaigns
  topic: keywords
subject: family representations
  topic: keywords
subject: social media
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Jairo Caleb Rodriguez Bustamante
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jairo Caleb Rodriguez Bustamante https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-22
publication date: 2026-07-22
starting page: 155
ending page: 174
doi: 10.46476/ra.v7i1.254

Book Review: Cuando éramos dioses. Historia de la última guerra asháninka en el Palcazu, by Natalí Durand
type: item
description: This review examines Natalí Durand’s book Cuando éramos dioses, highlighting its contribution to understanding Peru’s internal armed conflict (IAC) in the Peruvian Amazon, particularly among the Asháninka people of Palcazu. In contrast to the predominance of studies focused on the Andes, the book sheds light on the Amazonian experience through an anthropological approach to collective memory, showing how the Asháninka reinterpret political violence by weaving together history, myth, and oral narratives. The figure of the leader Alejandro Calderón emerges as a central axis in the construction of a communal memory that transcends the dichotomy between the historical and the mythical, becoming both a political and a mythical reference. The review also underscores the processes of organization, resistance, and armed response developed by the Asháninka in the face of the MRTA’s incursion, emphasizing their political agency in contrast to narratives that reduce them to the status of “victims.” Overall, the book contributes to rethinking interpretations of Peru’s internal armed conflict by highlighting the active, historical, and transformative dimensions of Indigenous Amazonian memories in contexts of political violence.
subject: Reseñas
  topic: section
subject: Collective memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Asháninka people
  topic: keywords
subject: internal armed conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: indigenous peoples
  topic: keywords
subject: Peruvian Amazon
  topic: keywords
creator: Bhin Heskey Palacios Gamboa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bhin H. Palacios Gamboa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-22
publication date: 2026-07-22
starting page: 183
ending page: 189
doi: 10.46476/ra.v7i1.253

From Stockholm to ECLAC: The ISI as a Latin American Structural Response
type: item
description: Import-substitution industrialization (ISI) was a strategy adopted in Latin America following the 1930s crisis, with mixed results across countries. This article argues that these differences can be explained by the ability to generate production linkages, while external constraints define the limits of their sustainability. The analysis is based on a comparative historical-structural approach between Brazil, Argentina, and Peru (1930–1980), using indicators of industrialization, employment, and welfare. The results show that Brazil developed deeper production linkages, which allowed it to sustain its industrialization process, while in Argentina these were incomplete and in Peru weak, limiting their effects on living standards. It is concluded that the performance of the ISI depended mainly on the capacity to generate productive linkages, conditioned by the size of the domestic market and limited by external constraints, which explains its uneven impact across the region and highlights structural differences compared to developed industrial economies.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: ISI
  topic: keywords
subject: domestic market
  topic: keywords
subject: economy
  topic: keywords
subject: external constraint
  topic: keywords
subject: linkages
  topic: keywords
subject: terms of trade
  topic: keywords
subject: Brazil
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
subject: Argentina
  topic: keywords
creator: Dylan Dilas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 D. Dilas Ubaldo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-22
publication date: 2026-07-22
starting page: 57
ending page: 85
doi: 10.46476/ra.v7i1.252

«Terruqueo» as a Technology of Power in the Psychopolitical Production of Exclusion in Contemporary Peru
type: item
description: This article analyzes the phenomenon of terruqueo in contemporary Peru, proposing its understanding as a technology of power rather than merely as a discursive strategy. In a context of growing political polarization and social conflict, terruqueo has become a recurrent practice that delegitimizes actors and constrains public debate. Drawing on a theoretical approach that articulates contributions from Foucault, Byung-Chul Han, and Schmitt, the article argues that terruqueo operates as a dispositif that classifies, hierarchizes, and regulates political participation through the production of subjectivities and the mobilization of affects, particularly fear and suspicion. It further examines its role in the construction of the internal enemy and in the legitimization of a social order that naturalizes exclusion and neutralizes dissent. The analysis demonstrates that its effects are not limited to the discursive plane but extend to the configuration of psychic and social life, fostering dynamics of self-censorship, social fragmentation, and the normalization of stigma. The article concludes that a critical reading of the phenomenon requires problematizing its conditions of production and its structural effects on Peruvian society.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: psychosocial experiences
  topic: keywords
subject: social exclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: symbolic power
  topic: keywords
subject: political communication
  topic: keywords
subject: discourse analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan José Soza Herrera
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Juan José Soza Herrera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-22
publication date: 2026-07-22
starting page: 39
ending page: 55
doi: 10.46476/ra.v7i1.251

Book Review: The Liberal Montonera of Cura Chumán: Northern Peru, 1910 by Piedad Pareja Pflücker and Alfredo Muro Flores
type: item
description: Book Review of La montonera liberal del cura Chumán. Norte del Perú, 1910, by Piedad Pareja and Alfredo Muro
subject: Reseñas
  topic: section
subject: montoneras
  topic: keywords
subject: history
  topic: keywords
subject: Lambayeque
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Isaac Trujillo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Isaac Trujillo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-22
publication date: 2026-07-22
starting page: 175
ending page: 181
doi: 10.46476/ra.v7i1.244

«On the Front Line» Psychosocial Experiences of Volunteer Health Brigadiers During the Social Protests in Peru (December 2022–February 2023)
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the psychosocial experiences of volunteer health brigadiers who participated in the social protests that took place in Peru between December 2022 and February 2023. A qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews accompanied by an emotional support protocol. The findings are organized into three dimensions: participants’ motivations for joining the protests, their experiences during the protests, and their reflections following the protests.
subject: Tesis
  topic: section
subject: psychosocial experiences
  topic: keywords
subject: volunteer health brigades
  topic: keywords
subject: social protests
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Luis Ricardo Yapura Sequeiros
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Ricardo Yapura Sequeiros https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-22
publication date: 2026-07-22
starting page: 207
ending page: 215
doi: 10.46476/ra.v7i1.243

Intercultural communication strategies for cultural adaptation of services for Beca 18 scholarship recipients in Lima
type: item
description: This study is linked to the Beca 18 social program, developed by the National Scholarship and Educational Loan Program (Pronabec), through which the State awards a full university scholarship to young people living in poverty or extreme poverty. This research answers the question: What are the intercultural communication strategies within the framework of the cultural adaptation of the services offered by universities and Pronabec to migrant beneficiaries of the Beca 18 program? For this study, a primarily qualitative methodology was applied, which included interviews with the three main actors involved: Pronabec, the universities, and the scholarship recipients, who come from culturally distinct backgrounds. The results reflected significant obstacles to the implementation of the intercultural approach in universities. These were: discrimination, feelings of inferiority on the part of migrant scholarship recipients, questioning of their own identity, and the state of communications within the program. Finally, based on the fieldwork, proposals based on intercultural communication for the management of cultural diversity in universities were generated.
subject: Tesis
  topic: section
subject: University education
  topic: keywords
subject: Youths
  topic: keywords
subject: Beca 18
  topic: keywords
creator: Laura Ortiz Ballarta
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 Laura Ortiz Ballarta
date: 2020-12-10
publication date: 2020-12-10
starting page: 159
ending page: 164
doi: 10.46476/ra.v1i2.28

At the Crossroads of Feminist Paths in Cusco
type: item
description: This thesis analyzes the particularities of feminism in Cusco, articulating an analysis of contemporary feminist struggles with a critical rereading of the long history of gender relations in the Andes. Drawing from situated experience and a corpus of semi-structured interviews conducted with activists involved in local collectives and NGOs, it explores the tensions, alliances, divisions, and ambivalences that traverse the Cusqueño feminist landscape. By mobilizing the contributions of decolonial feminisms, this work highlights the ways in which these situated feminisms deconstruct the neocolonial imaginary of a feminism imported from the West. It also examines, at the local scale, the effects of NGO-ization on forms of mobilization and the relationships between institutional and autonomous feminists. This thesis argues for the recognition of these feminisms as rooted political practices that are multiple and bear critical knowledge.
subject: Tesis
  topic: section
subject: Decolonial feminisms
  topic: keywords
subject: feminist activism
  topic: keywords
subject: social movements
  topic: keywords
subject: feminism
  topic: keywords
subject: non-governmental organizations
  topic: keywords
subject: Cusco
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Alice Pecheur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alice Pecheur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-22
publication date: 2026-07-22
starting page: 199
ending page: 206
doi: 10.46476/ra.v7i1.242

Institutional Analysis of Peru. In search of the causes of Peruvian political instability
type: item
description: This research addresses aspects related to political instability, studying the implications of the Peruvian case in the period from 2016 to July 2024. The objective of this work is to determine the probable causes that have led to the consolidation of a process of political instability in Peru. Regarding the latter, the scenario of structural political instability that the country is going through has been addressed, highlighting the role of a weak State and institutions, the inefficiency of governments, the confrontations between powers, the lack of transparency and the lack of accountability. To do this, the analysis of principal components and the Vester matrix has been used. Although the study is built from the collection of its own data for the period 2016-2024, it also considers historical elements that have been significant for Peruvian politics. In terms of results, the causal centrality of a weak State stands out, which is the consequence of consecutive ineffective governments, clashes between powers and aspects related to transparency, such as accountability.
subject: Tesis
  topic: section
subject: political instability
  topic: keywords
subject: Democracy
  topic: keywords
subject: institutionality
  topic: keywords
subject: accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: peruvian public administration
  topic: keywords
creator: Jeremias Oviedo Paredes
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jeremias Oviedo Paredes
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: 71
ending page: 85
doi: 10.46476/ra.v6i2.232

Impeachment or Political Weapon?
type: item
description: The presidential vacancy due to permanent moral incapacity is a controversial instrument within the Peruvian constitutional framework, which has been used several times in the last decade. Although it is contemplated in the Constitution of the Republic, its constant use has resulted in chronic political instability in Peru. This article aims to analyze the use of presidential vacancy due to permanent moral incapacity and its impact on the parlamentarization of the Peruvian government regime, for which a qualitative methodological strategy of argumentative analysis has been chosen, focusing on the various motions presented between 2016 and 2024, as well as the debates surrounding those motions. To achieve this end, the article is divided as follows: first, a brief introductory contextualization of the Peruvian case is provided. Second, the literature on the parliamentary presidential system of government (present in Peru) will be briefly reviewed, with its distinctive characteristics, as well as presidential vacancy due to permanent moral incapacity. Third, the arguments surrounding the vacancy motions will be analyzed. Finally, some conclusions will be drawn on the political use of the presidential vacancy due to permanent moral incapacity, based on a subjective interpretation of this legal instrument.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: presidential vacancy
  topic: keywords
subject: impeachment
  topic: keywords
subject: Executive-Legislative relations
  topic: keywords
subject: political crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: Parliament
  topic: keywords
creator: Álvaro Jesús Carbajal Rosas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Álvaro Jesús Carbajal Rosas
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: 31
ending page: 58
doi: 10.46476/ra.v6i2.227

The Role of the Peasant Patrols of San Marcos in Enforcing the Supreme Decree Declaring the Health Emergency During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2022)
type: item
description: In regions and communities where the state’s capacity to legislate on internal affairs or to democratically represent its citizens is weak or absent, people often seek alternative forms of self-organization. These localities, like all human structures, strive to live under norms and rights that shape everyday life. In Cajamarca, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the rondas campesinas (peasant patrols) played an active role in confronting the emergency, demonstrating leadership and authority in facing an unprecedented global situation. This extreme period revealed the authority and reach of social organization -in the form of rondas campesinas- in regions with a limited state presence. The ronderos of Cajamarca, whose form of organization is both recent and derived from the modern state, undertook the immense task of filling the gaps left by the state’s limited capacity in order to defend their interests and their vision of the common good. In doing so, they achieved a position within Cajamarca’s social fabric comparable to that of law enforcement agencies and local authorities. However, within these organizations there also exist internal disputes that directly affect their operational capacity in various ways. Studying them is crucial, as they represent a distinctive form of self-government from which social and political leaders emerge actors who continue to shape the contemporary political arena.
subject: Tesis
  topic: section
subject: Peasant Patrols
  topic: keywords
subject: Cajamarca
  topic: keywords
subject: Pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: Quarantine
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Gabriela Shantal Pinedo Rivera
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gabriela Shantal Pinedo Rivera
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: 87
ending page: 93
doi: 10.46476/ra.v6i2.240

Peru’s Public Service: The Common Good Against Institutional Constraints
type: item
description: We investigate the willingness of Peruvian professionals to work for the common good within the context of a dysfunctional and politicized civil service. Drawing on original survey data from 65 policy professionals and interviews with human capital experts, we observed a self-other attribution gap in respondent data and signs of moral dissonance and institutional cynicism. The paper identifies how congressional behavior and the role of SERVIR contribute to systemic constraints; we conclude by outlining reform strategies. By combining empirical data with an institutional diagnosis, the study contributes to the literature on public service motivation and civil service by focusing alignment of regulatory frameworks with civic ideals to reinvigorate belief in the common good.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: Common good
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil service reform
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
subject: Political economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Institutional trust
  topic: keywords
creator: Jon Alami
creator: David Vignes Chaparro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jon Alami, David Vignes Chaparro
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: 5
ending page: 30
doi: 10.46476/ra.v6i2.234

«Hark'anakuyku: We all take care of each other» to face the pandemic.
type: item
description: This study examines various community responses of a peasant population in the rural Andes of southern Peru (Cusco) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Its central aim is to show the tactics employed within the community, highlighting the dimension of community resilience as expressed through people’s everyday practices. In terms of methodology, I propose an ethnographic approach, applying techniques such as participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and mapas parlantes (participatory mapping) to collect field data. Regarding the findings, five community resilience tactics were identified: the reception of returning migrants, assistance to urban areas, the use of technological media, communal surveillance, and coordination with local institutions.
subject: Tesis
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: health crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: community
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Eric Arenas Sotelo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eric Arenas Sotelo
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: 59
ending page: 70
doi: 10.46476/ra.v6i2.231

Review: Incas, Spies, and Astronauts.
type: item
description: In Incas, Spies, and Astronauts, Rafael Dumett brings together a series of essays, nonfiction prose pieces, and personal reflections that dialogue with his well-known novels The Inca’s Spy and Comrade Jorge and the Dragon. The volume is organized around three thematic axes: counterfactual histories as a tool for interrogating historical trajectories; the figure of the spy as an ambiguous actor situated between individual loyalty and the state; and the exploration of space as a metaphor for free thought in adverse contexts.
subject: Reseñas
  topic: section
subject: review
  topic: keywords
subject: historical novel
  topic: keywords
creator: Guido Chati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Guido Chati
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: 95
ending page: 100
doi: 10.46476/ra.v6i2.229

An intimate portrait of the internal armed conflict
type: item
description: <pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" data-placeholder="Traducción" aria-label="Texto traducido: The internal armed conflict has left a deep scar on our national history, and it is through literature that we can gain an intimate insight into those turbulent years. Within a vast repertoire of novels published in the present century, a recent work stands out: Danza entre cenizas (Dance among the Ashes, 2022, EditorialApogeo) by Fabiola Pinel. This novel becomes a window into the past, transporting us back to those years and appealing to the situations experienced by the book's protagonists, Clara and Ñantika." data-ved="2ahUKEwjWyZyg7deNAxUymYQIHRVRPeoQ3ewLegQIDRAV">The internal armed conflict has left a deep scar on our national history, and it is through literature that we can gain an intimate insight into those turbulent years. Within a vast repertoire of novels published in the present century, a recent work stands out: Danza entre cenizas (Dance among the Ashes, 2022, EditorialApogeo) by Fabiola Pinel. This novel becomes a window into the past, transporting us back to those years and appealing to the situations experienced by the book's protagonists, Clara and Ñantika.
subject: Reseñas
  topic: section
subject: Internal armed conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: Youth
  topic: keywords
subject: Memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Everyday life
  topic: keywords
creator: Dynnik Asencios
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Dynnik Asencios
date: 2023-07-14
publication date: 2023-07-14
starting page: 237
ending page: 242
doi: 10.46476/ra.v4i1.165

Presentation: 20 years after the CVR report
type: item
description: This special issue commemorates the twentieth anniversary of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) Report with the aim of reflecting on the relevance of its findings, the ongoing importance of its recommendations, and the challenges our post-conflict society faces in consolidating democracy. The TRC report is based on more than 17,000 testimonies that recount violent practices and degrading discourses which, carried out in the name of the "revolution" or "pacification," reveal a deeply authoritarian and dehumanizing political culture. The report also puts forward a series of recommendations advocating for policies to strengthen the rule of law, provide reparations for victims, and ensure non-repetition—measures intended to help establish a new social pact grounded in democratic principles and respect for human rights. However, this anniversary year begins with violent, anti-democratic acts and human rights violations committed by the state, which confirm that we have learned little from our violent past. In this context, Revista Argumentos presents a collection of articles that, through new perspectives and evidence, seek to combat forgetfulness and reflect on the relationship between this past and our present. Each article touches on multiple dimensions, but they can be grouped into four themes: those that expand knowledge about the past of the internal armed conflict (Sofia Macher, Carolina Garay, Valerie Robin Azevedo); those that focus on the current context to address various issues and consequences in our post-conflict society (Carolina Garay, Mercedes Figueroa, Valerie Robin Azevedo); articles that explicitly connect the past with the present, identifying continuities or similarities (Lurgio Gavilán, Karla Valery Maco Palacios, Alexander Benites, Paola Velarde, and Iris Jave); and finally, those that address memorialization processes and their impact on society and politics (Ludmila da Silva Catela, Alexandra Hibbett).
subject: Presentación
  topic: section
subject: Truth and Reconciliation Commission
  topic: keywords
subject: political violence
  topic: keywords
subject: recommendations
  topic: keywords
subject: reconciliation
  topic: keywords
subject: social justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Francesca Uccelli
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Argumentos
date: 2023-07-16
publication date: 2023-07-16
starting page: 5
ending page: 7

Dogs and "Promos"
type: item
description: <pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" data-placeholder="Traducción" aria-label="Texto traducido: During the 1980s and 1990s, Peru experienced one of the most violent periods in its contemporary history. The violence perpetrated by both the Shining Path and law enforcement against rural populations was brutal. The final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) reported on the various human rights violations perpetrated by the military against civilian populations: extrajudicial executions, forced disappearances, torture, and rape. Jelke Boesten and Lurgio Gavilán's book, "Dogs and Promos: Memory, Violence, and Affection in Post-Conflict Peru," is a fundamental text that contextualizes the behavior of the military in emergency zones during the armed conflict. The book's premise is that the violence perpetrated by the military against rural populations did not emerge overnight, nor in a vacuum, but was the product of a ferocious military culture that, at times, facilitated the dehumanization of its own soldiers within the barracks. In a context of polarization due to the armed conflict, the pre-existence of authoritarianism, racism, and systemic violence within the military facilitated the spread of violent practices toward civilian populations." data-ved="2ahUKEwjWyZyg7deNAxUymYQIHRVRPeoQ3ewLegQIDRAV">During the 1980s and 1990s, Peru experienced one of the most violent periods in its contemporary history. The violence perpetrated by both the Shining Path and law enforcement against rural populations was brutal. The final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) reported on the various human rights violations perpetrated by the military against civilian populations: extrajudicial executions, forced disappearances, torture, and rape. Jelke Boesten and Lurgio Gavilán's book, "Dogs and Promos: Memory, Violence, and Affection in Post-Conflict Peru," is a fundamental text that contextualizes the behavior of…
subject: Reseñas
  topic: section
subject: Military culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Army
  topic: keywords
subject: Conflict
  topic: keywords
creator: Lourdes Hurtado
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Franklin College
date: 2023-07-14
publication date: 2023-07-14
starting page: 225
ending page: 230
doi: 10.46476/ra.v4i1.166

Democracy and the Streets: Protests and Counter-Hegemony in Peru
type: item
description: <pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" data-placeholder="Traducción" aria-label="Texto traducido: In this book, Carmen Ilizarbe analyzes the emerging forms of political praxis in Peru between 1997, the beginning of the end of the Fujimori dictatorship, and 2006, the end of the Toledo administration, with the transition in between. The March of the 4 Suyos (M4S) constitutes the nodal point for examining the previous processes that led to the street becoming the main arena of politics, a space "that competes side by side with the institutional arena" (p. 19). An arena where popular sovereignty comes into play, one that has demonstrated the capacity for confrontation and veto against various governments, and which has staged a particular political subjectivity. A space of dispute and encounter, of conflict and carnivalesque subversion of the social order, the street has also been the place to verify the limits of politics in neoliberal times." data-ved="2ahUKEwjWyZyg7deNAxUymYQIHRVRPeoQ3ewLegQIDRAV">In this book, Carmen Ilizarbe analyzes the emerging forms of political praxis in Peru between 1997, the beginning of the end of the Fujimori dictatorship, and 2006, the end of the Toledo administration, with the transition in between. The March of the 4 Suyos (M4S) constitutes the nodal point for examining the previous processes that led to the street becoming the main arena of politics, a space "that competes side by side with the institutional arena" (p. 19). An arena where popular sovereignty comes into play, one that has demonstrated the capacity for confrontation and veto against various governments, and which has staged a particular political subjectivity. A space of dispute and encounter, of conflict and carnivalesque subversion of the social order, the street has also been the place to verify the limits of politics in neoliberal times.
subject: Reseñas
  topic: section
subject: Social mobilization
  topic: keywords
subject: Protests
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Mijail Mitrovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Mijail Mitrovic
date: 2023-03-06
publication date: 2023-03-06
starting page: 37
ending page: 43
doi: 10.46476/ra.v3i2.138

The power of the word: student and teacher oratory in post-independence Peru
type: item
description: The ability to speak Spanish according to certain conventions has been a variable of social status and political legitimacy throughout Peruvian history. Since colonial times, eloquence was a common practice among those with access to formal education. This article analyzes a sample of speeches given by students and teachers, both men and women, and reproduced in newspapers and pamphlets during the first half-century of Peruvian independence. These speeches have received virtually no historiographical attention. In addition to the religious and political objectives of eloquence in general, studied by other authors, we examine the personal motivations and social aspirations of the speakers. Republican discourse contributed to the participation of traditionally silenced groups in public speaking. Occasionally, these interventions were negatively received, since while for some education and eloquence were vehicles of social mobility, for others they were instruments to ratify and perpetuate existing hierarchies.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Oratory
  topic: keywords
subject: eloquence
  topic: keywords
subject: rhetoric
  topic: keywords
subject: speeches
  topic: keywords
subject: history
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: students
  topic: keywords
subject: teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: 19th century
  topic: keywords
creator: G. Antonio Espinoza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 G. Antonio Espinoza
date: 2025-07-17
publication date: 2025-07-17
starting page: 165
ending page: 183
doi: 10.46476/ra.v6i1.201

Provisioning for the Royalist troops on the Way to the Battle of Ayacucho. Puno, September 1824
type: item
description: In the last days of September 1824, some corps of the «king's troops» or of the «southern army», per the documents, crossed the Collao plateau towards Cuzco for the last time and from there headed to their final destination: The Battle of Ayacucho. Thanks to the personal archive of Juan Antonio Larrauri, the last subdelegate of the partido (province) of Azángaro by the end of the viceregal period, we can identify the movement of part of the army that defended the Spanish flags. The main objective is to identify and quantify the origin and type of food and equipment supplied to the royalist troops. We conclude that the products supplied were of vital importance to the Spanish side, and that they originated from the ecological environment and the human labor of the ayllus of the Collao.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Ayllus
  topic: keywords
subject: Azángaro
  topic: keywords
subject: carriers
  topic: keywords
subject: products
  topic: keywords
subject: transfer
  topic: keywords
subject: royalists
  topic: keywords
creator: Roberto Guillermo Ramos Castillo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Roberto Guillermo Ramos Castillo
date: 2025-07-22
publication date: 2025-07-22
starting page: 115
ending page: 138
doi: 10.46476/ra.v6i1.87

Huanta, Pamplona, ​​and Cobriza: three cases of repression during the military government of Velasco Alvarado (1968-1971)
type: item
description: The government of Juan Velasco (1968-1975) is normally differentiated by its humanist and populist discourse among dictatorial experiences, where the doctrine of national security materialized in a repressive policy of persecution of the left. This article tries to study the concrete political struggles that the government had to face and the repression that it deployed to crush dissent, especially from the «far left». The objective of this article is to present three cases of repression: Huanta, Pamplona and Cobriza through the minutes of the council of ministers and the publications Oiga and Caretas; also, it analyzes the decision-making process and justification of state violence. This review will show that the government did not have a unitary idea about the use of repression, since the violence during this period followed a long-term pattern and, in this sense, repression finally prevailed as a habit and marked the conflictive relationship between teachers’ and miners’ unionism with the military government of Velasco.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: National security doctrine
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru military government
  topic: keywords
subject: State violence
  topic: keywords
subject: Trade unionism
  topic: keywords
subject: Student movement
  topic: keywords
creator: Alejandro Santistevan
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Alejandro Santistevan
date: 2022-10-13
publication date: 2022-10-13
starting page: 5
ending page: 30
doi: 10.46476/ra.v3i1.130

Rebels and Counterrevolutionaries
type: item
description: This article explores the independence process in the province of Parinacochas, a territory little explored by the regional historiography of Ayacucho, of which this province is part. It questions the tendency to categorize the actions of its social actors as unanimously patriotic and shows instead that some of its indigenous sectors even generated a "counterrevolution" of sorts. We explore two historical moments: First, the emergence of rebel actions in the years preceding the final stage of independence; we consider factors such as the liberal context, the echoes of the 1814 Cuzco rebellion, and the internal motivations of the social actors who were later hailed as local heroes. Second, the vicissitudes and actions that arose during the final stage of the wars of independence (1820-1824).
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Parinacochas
  topic: keywords
subject: independence
  topic: keywords
subject: war
  topic: keywords
subject: revolution
  topic: keywords
subject: counterrevolution
  topic: keywords
subject: rebels
  topic: keywords
creator: Luis Abraham Puga Huamani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Luis Abraham Puga Huamani
date: 2025-07-17
publication date: 2025-07-17
starting page: 83
ending page: 114
doi: 10.46476/ra.v6i1.195

Dreams for the Land
type: item
description: During the implementation of agrarian reform, numerous land conflicts took place in different parts of Peru. In this context, the confrontation between landowners and workers of the Huando hacienda union stood out. After months of disputes, the military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968-1975) gave in to the farmworkers' demands and expropriated the hacienda—which stood out as a symbol of modern agricultural enterprise—to make way for the creation of the cooperative. Using a review of documentation from the Huando hacienda, press articles, presidential speeches, interviews, and draft minutes of the Council of Ministers of the military cabinet, this thesis analyzes how this conflict marked a key rupture in the military regime's relations with landowners in the early 1970s and, similarly, how the resolution of the Huando conflict reflected the radicalization of the Velasco administration's implementation of agrarian reform.
subject: Tesis
  topic: section
subject: Agrarian reform
  topic: keywords
subject: Velasco's military government
  topic: keywords
subject: Huando estate
  topic: keywords
subject: agricultural workers
  topic: keywords
subject: landowners
  topic: keywords
creator: Fabio Esteban Cabrera Morales
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Fabio Esteban Cabrera Morales
date: 2022-10-13
publication date: 2022-10-13
starting page: 75
ending page: 83
doi: 10.46476/ra.v3i1.128

Lima: City of Queers
type: item
description: How to understand the meanings of queer sexual practices in Lima, Peru, between the 1950s and 1970s, from an intersectional perspective? This thesis seeks to articulate a first historical narrative of the experiences of queers in Lima between the 1950s and 1970s. Drawing on six oral interviews, eight novels, two songs, a short film, a blog, and ten editions of a travel guide, these contribute to debates about the tensions between identity and sexual behaviors, the intersection of race and class in identity processes, and urban space. Queer existences between the 1950s and 1970s can be understood as gender-inverting behaviors that posited queers as the feminine and complementary partners of "men" or "machos." Any man could engage in homosexual relations, from almost any location, but the meaning they attributed (or did not) to these behaviors depended on their race, class, and gender identity. Those who behaved femininely could acquire a faggot identity, while their male partners could remain "men."
subject: Tesis
  topic: section
subject: Sexuality
  topic: keywords
subject: Sexual history
  topic: keywords
subject: intersectionality
  topic: keywords
subject: twentieth century
  topic: keywords
subject: Lima
  topic: keywords
creator: Diego Galdo-González
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Argumentos
date: 2022-10-13
publication date: 2022-10-13
starting page: 65
ending page: 73
doi: 10.46476/ra.v3i1.124

Women, food, and subsistence family farming in Amantaní, Puno
type: item
description: Food systems in Latin America have been undergoing a process of transformation in the last three decades; in which the consumption of agroindustrial products has increased in both urban and rural areas. In such a scenario, this paper asks about the transformation of family food systems of small subsistence farmers in Amantaní Island, located in Lake Titicaca, province and department of Puno. This article is framed within the set of changes associated with the phenomenon of the ‘new rurality’, in which households are more mobile and with a greater diversification of economic activities (pluriactivity). It examines the way in which decisions, strategies and dynamics around food have changed. For this purpose, we analyze autobiographical narratives and food practices of four women, who through their life stories portray the food system in Amantaní; how they perceive that their work, responsibilities, diet and also their concerns and risks of food insecurity have changed. This article is based on an eight-week fieldwork in Amantaní, between March and May 2019. Interviews and conversations were conducted with different actors of the family food system, as well as local authorities. Participant observation at moments of food provisioning, processing and consumption with three families in Amantaní were key to the development of this food ethnography. In particular, Elsa, Hilda and Juanita were the ones who opened the doors of their homes, kitchens, knowledge and life stories.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: women
  topic: keywords
subject: food systems
  topic: keywords
subject: family farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Amantaní
  topic: keywords
subject: Puno
  topic: keywords
creator: Anel López de Romaña
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Anel López de Romaña
date: 2023-03-06
publication date: 2023-03-06
starting page: 5
ending page: 36
doi: 10.46476/ra.v3i2.129

Presentation.
type: item
description: Commemorations are opportunities for reflection. And at a time when words are devalued in the political sphere—when what is said often bears little relation to what is done (if not its exact opposite), and laws are manipulated at the whim of individual wills, thereby corrupting their very purpose—historical reflection becomes all the more urgent. The study of the past always requires a horizon, something essential to transcend the short-term thinking and lack of future outlook that characterize politics today, not only in Peru. History may no longer be fashionable; it may no longer define national identity as it did a few decades ago, but it remains relevant at the regional level and ought to matter to everyone. As a discipline committed to uncovering the truth about the past, history should play a vital role in the public sphere—especially in times like ours, when truth is being systematically eroded in the service of authoritarianism. This special issue of Argumentos responds to the open call “Independence from Other Centers,” launched by the journal last year to mark the bicentennial of the Battle of Ayacucho. It features seven scholarly articles by authors from different generations, academic contexts, and stages of their careers, all of whom take up the invitation to reflect “from other centers.” These centers are not only geographic—outside Lima, in line with a growing historiographical interest in the regions—but also thematic, engaging topics not usually associated with the study of independence. These include, for instance, oratory practices in educational institutions, as well as archival centers dispersed across various geographies—from Parinacochas in southern Ayacucho, to the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, to a private archive in Puno.
subject: Presentación
  topic: section
subject: Independence
  topic: keywords
subject: history
  topic: keywords
subject: Battle of Ayacucho
  topic: keywords
subject: bicentennial
  topic: keywords
subject: Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Cecilia Méndez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Cecilia Méndez
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 5
ending page: 7
doi: 10.46476/ra.v6i1.226

Searching for the Heart of the Hill: New Communal Mining in Colquemarca (Cusco, Peru)
type: item
description: The following article examines how the recent boom in small-scale mining activity in the territory of the peasant communities of the Colquemarca district (Chumbivilcas, Cusco) has triggered political-economic reconfiguration processes in the communal organization. Two tendencies are recognizable with respect to these processes: 1) The creation of new instances of communal government for the control of mining activity and resource extraction in the territory, and 2) The restructuring of appropriation regimes and systems of extractive mining work. I also argue that these processes can be read as “new processes of communalization”, since they imply the vindication of collective decisions on the management of resources that, in this case, are involved in the extractive activity. We will also see that this claim of the “communal” coexists with spatial and generational inequalities in the access to the mineral resource, the superimposition of different levels of appropriation of the land and resources present in each community. Likewise, I propose to call this phenomenon “communal mining” to differentiate the relative management and control that the peasant communities of the area maintain -and claim- over this activity, the territory and the natural resources of the subsoil, in contrast to the mining carried out by private companies and the Peruvian State. Throughout the article we will describe how these new forms of communal management and control over territorial resources are transforming and adapting to other parallel socio-political dynamics.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Mining
  topic: keywords
subject: Peasant communities
  topic: keywords
subject: Indigenous peoples
  topic: keywords
subject: Native peoples
  topic: keywords
subject: Appropriation regimes
  topic: keywords
subject: Extractivism
  topic: keywords
subject: Communalization processes
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural resources
  topic: keywords
subject: Common goods
  topic: keywords
subject: Territory
  topic: keywords
subject: Covid-19
  topic: keywords
creator: Carlos Alberto Castro Segura
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Carlos Alberto Castro Segura
date: 2023-12-12
publication date: 2023-12-12
starting page: 59
ending page: 89
doi: 10.46476/ra.v4i2.157